Leroy Hood, MD, PhD

Co-founder & Professor, ISB

Send Emailcommunications@isbscience.org, virginia.martin@phenomehealth.org

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A world-renowned scientist and recipient of the National Medal of Science in 2011, Dr. Leroy Hood co-founded the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) in 2000, served as its first President from 2000-2017 and is also a Professor.

He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the National Academy of Medicine. Of the more than 6,000 scientists worldwide who belong to one or more of these academies, Dr. Hood is one of only 20 people elected to all three.

He received his MD from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and his PhD in biochemistry from Caltech. Dr. Hood was a faculty member at Caltech from 1967-1992, serving for 10 years as the Chair of Biology. During this period, he and his colleagues developed four sequencer and synthesizer instruments that paved the way for the Human Genome Project’s successful mapping and understanding of the human genome. He and his students also deciphered many of the complex mechanisms of antibody diversification. In 1992, Dr. Hood founded and chaired the Department of Molecular Biotechnology at the University of Washington, the first academic department devoted to cross-disciplinary biology.

Dr. Hood is currently carrying out studies in Alzheimer’s Disease, cancer, and wellness. He is pioneering a 1 million patient genome/phenome project, and is bringing scientific (quantitative) wellness to the contemporary U.S. health care system.

Dr. Hood has played a role in founding 15 biotechnology companies including Amgen, Applied Biosystems, Arivale, and Nanostring. He has co-authored textbooks in biochemistry, immunology, molecular biology, genetics, and systems biology.

In addition to having received 18 honorary degrees from prestigious universities in the U.S. and abroad, Dr. Hood has published more than 850 peer-reviewed articles and currently holds 36 patents.

Dr. Hood is the recipient of numerous national and international awards, including the Lasker Award for Studies of Immune Diversity (1987), the Kyoto Prize in advanced technology (2002), the Heinz Award for pioneering work in Systems Biology (2006), the National Academy of Engineering Fritz J. and Delores H. Russ Prize for developing automated DNA sequencing (2011), and the National Academy of Science Award for Chemistry in Service to Society (2017).

2017      NAS Award for Chemistry in Service to Society
2016      The UCD Ulysses Medal
2015      The Johns Hopkins University Alumni Association Global Achievement Award
2014      Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal for Innovations in Healthcare Technology
2014      Geoffrey Beene Builders of Science award presented by Research!America
2013      Alvin J. Thompson Award for Leadership in K-12 education and science (awarded by NW Association for Biomedical Research)
2013      Future in Review, CEO of the Year
2012      Elected as a Fellow to the American Association for Cancer Research
2011      National Medal of Science
2011      Fritz and Dolores Russ Prize, National Academy of Engineering
2007      Elected Member, National Academy of Engineering
2007      Elected Member, Inventors Hall of Fame for the automated DNA sequencer
2006      Heinz Award for pioneering work in systems biology
2005      AACR-Irving Weinstein Foundation Distinguished Lecturer Award
2003      Elected Member, Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science
2003      Lemelson-MIT Prize for Innovation and Invention
2002      Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology
2000      Elected Member, American Philosophical Society
1993      Scientist of the Year, Research and Development Magazine
1987      Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award
1982      Elected Member, National Academy of Science
1982      Elected Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences

2018-present
Chief Strategy Officer and Professor, Institute for Systems Biology
2016-present
Chief Science Officer and Senior Vice President, Providence St. Joseph Health
2000-2017
President, Co-founder and Professor, Institute for Systems Biology
1992-2000
Chairman and Founder of the Department of Molecular Biotechnology at University of Washington
1970-1992
Caltech Faculty Member — Chair of Biology for 10 years
1967-1970
Senior Investigator, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
1967 PhD
Caltech
1964 MD
The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
1960 BS
Caltech

Hwang, Yeon Mi, Samantha N. Piekos, Alison G. Paquette, Qi Wei, Nathan D. Price, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer J. Hadlock. 2024. “Accelerating Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Research amidst Rising Medication Use: Parallel Retrospective Cohort Analyses for Signal Prioritization.” BMC Medicine 22 (1): 495. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03717-0. Cite Download

Hwang, Yeon Mi, Qi Wei, Samantha N. Piekos, Bhargav Vemuri, Sevda Molani, Philip Mease, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer Hadlock. 2024. “Maternal-Fetal Outcomes in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, with Consideration of Comorbidities: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large U.S. Healthcare System.” EClinicalMedicine 68:102435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102435. Cite Download

Johnson-Martínez, Johannes P., Christian Diener, Anne E. Levine, Tomasz Wilmanski, David L. Suskind, Alexandra Ralevski, Jennifer Hadlock, et al. 2024. “Aberrant Bowel Movement Frequencies Coincide with Increased Microbe-Derived Blood Metabolites Associated with Reduced Organ Function.” Cell Reports. Medicine 5 (7): 101646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101646. Cite

Hariharan, Ramkumar, Leroy Hood, and Nathan D. Price. 2024. “A Data-Driven Approach to Improve Wellness and Reduce Recurrence in Cancer Survivors.” Frontiers in Oncology 14:1397008. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1397008. Cite Download

Huang, Qiongrong, Zhiyuan Hu, Qiwen Zheng, Xuemei Mao, Wenxi Lv, Fei Wu, Dapeng Fu, et al. 2024. “A Proactive Intervention Study in Metabolic Syndrome High-Risk Populations Using Phenome-Based Actionable P4 Medicine Strategy.” Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) 4 (2): 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43657-023-00115-z. Cite

Zhang, Yue, Guangrong Qin, Boris Aguilar, Noa Rappaport, James T. Yurkovich, Lance Pflieger, Sui Huang, Leroy Hood, and Ilya Shmulevich. 2024. “A Framework towards Digital Twins for Type 2 Diabetes.” Frontiers in Digital Health 6:1336050. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2024.1336050. Cite Download

Hwang, Yeon Mi, Ryan T. Roper, Samantha N. Piekos, Daniel A. Enquobahrie, Mary F. Hebert, Alison G. Paquette, Priyanka Baloni, Nathan D. Price, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer J. Hadlock. 2024. “Timing of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Risk for Preterm Birth and Related Adverse Events: With a Consideration of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period.” The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 37 (1): 2313364. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2024.2313364. Cite Download

Hwang, Yeon-Mi, Samantha Piekos, Tanya Sorensen, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer Hadlock. 2023. “Adoption of a National Prophylactic Anticoagulation Guideline for Hospitalized Pregnant Women With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study.” JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 9:e45586. https://doi.org/10.2196/45586. Cite

Roach, Jared C., Molly K. Rapozo, Junko Hara, Gwênlyn Glusman, Jennifer Lovejoy, William R. Shankle, Leroy Hood, and COCOA Consortium: 2023. “A Remotely Coached Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease Ameliorates Functional and Cognitive Outcomes.” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD 96 (2): 591–607. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-230403. Cite

Hwang, Yeon Mi, Qi Wei, Samantha N. Piekos, Bhargav Vemuri, Sevda Molani, Philip Mease, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer J. Hadlock. 2023. “Maternal-Fetal Outcomes in Patients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, with Consideration of Comorbidities: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large U.S. Healthcare System.” MedRxiv: The Preprint Server for Health Sciences, 2023.08.07.23293726. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.07.23293726. Cite Download

Rappaport, Noa, Dylan Ellis, Kengo Watanabe, Tomasz Wilmanski, Leroy Hood, Nathan Price, Cory Funk, and Priyanka Baloni. 2023. “BIOLOGICAL AGING AND APOE STATUS REWIRE INTER-OMIC ASSOCIATIONS RELATED TO BIOENERGETICS IN HUMANS.” Innovation in Aging 7 (Suppl 1): 631–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2058. Cite Download

Yurkovich, James T., Simon J. Evans, Noa Rappaport, Jeffrey L. Boore, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Nathan D. Price, and Leroy E. Hood. 2023. “The Transition from Genomics to Phenomics in Personalized Population Health.” Nature Reviews. Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-023-00674-x. Cite

Hood, Leroy, and Scott Penberthy. 2023. “‘We’re Doing It Wrong!’ Phenomics and Hyperscale AI for Health Care.” AI in Precision Oncology, 6–7. https://doi.org/10.1089/aipo.2023.29001.lho. Cite Download

Barak, Oren, Tyler Lovelace, Samantha Piekos, Tianjiao Chu, Zhishen Cao, Elena Sadovsky, Jean-Francois Mouillet, et al. 2023. “Integrated Unbiased Multiomics Defines Disease-Independent Placental Clusters in Common Obstetrical Syndromes.” BMC Medicine 21 (1): 349. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03054-8. Cite

Piekos, Samantha N., Yeon Mi Hwang, Ryan T. Roper, Tanya Sorensen, Nathan D. Price, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer J. Hadlock. 2023. “Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination and Booster on Maternal-Fetal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.” The Lancet. Digital Health 5 (9): e594–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00093-6. Cite Download

Huang, Yu Ling, Lindsay K. Dickerson, Heidi Kenerson, Xiuyun Jiang, Venu Pillarisetty, Qiang Tian, Leroy Hood, Taranjit S. Gujral, and Raymond S. Yeung. 2023. “Organotypic Models for Functional Drug Testing of Human Cancers.” BME Frontiers 4:0022. https://doi.org/10.34133/bmef.0022. Cite Download

Muhie, Seid, Aarti Gautam, Burook Misganaw, Ruoting Yang, Synthia H. Mellon, Allison Hoke, Janine Flory, et al. 2023. “Integrated Analysis of Proteomics, Epigenomics and Metabolomics Data Revealed Divergent Pathway Activation Patterns in the Recent versus Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.” Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 113:303–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.015. Cite Download

Watanabe, Kengo, Tomasz Wilmanski, Priyanka Baloni, Max Robinson, Gonzalo G. Garcia, Michael R. Hoopmann, Mukul K. Midha, et al. 2023. “Lifespan-Extending Interventions Induce Consistent Patterns of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mouse Livers.” Communications Biology 6 (1): 768. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05128-y. Cite

Heilig, Roland, Ralph Eckenberg, Jean-Louis Petit, Núria Fonknechten, Corinne Da Silva, Laurence Cattolico, Michaël Levy, et al. 2023. “Publisher Correction: The DNA Sequence and Analysis of Human Chromosome 14.” Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06403-y. Cite

Muhie, Seid, Aarti Gautam, Ruoting Yang, Burook Misganaw, Bernie J. Daigle, Synthia H. Mellon, Janine D. Flory, et al. 2023. “Molecular Signatures of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in War-Zone-Exposed Veteran and Active-Duty Soldiers.” Cell Reports. Medicine 4 (5): 101045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101045. Cite Download

Watanabe, Kengo, Tomasz Wilmanski, Christian Diener, John C. Earls, Anat Zimmer, Briana Lincoln, Jennifer J. Hadlock, et al. 2023. “Multiomic Signatures of Body Mass Index Identify Heterogeneous Health Phenotypes and Responses to a Lifestyle Intervention.” Nature Medicine 29 (4): 996–1008. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02248-0. Cite Download

Fang, Hai, Liye Chen, Leroy Hood, and Qiang Tian. 2023. “Editorial: Translational Phenomics and Its Applications in Immunotherapy.” Frontiers in Immunology 14:1211704. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211704. Cite Download

Hwang, Yeon Mi, Ryan T. Roper, Samantha N. Piekos, Daniel A. Enquobahrie, Mary F. Hebert, Alison G. Paquette, Priyanka Baloni, Nathan D. Price, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer J. Hadlock. 2023. “Timing of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Risk for Preterm Birth and Related Adverse Events.” medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.03.23286717. Cite Download

Johnson, James P., Christian Diener, Anne E. Levine, Tomasz Wilmanski, David L. Suskind, Alexandra Ralevski, Jennifer Hadlock, et al. 2023. “Generally-Healthy Individuals with Aberrant Bowel Movement Frequencies Show Enrichment for Microbially-Derived Blood Metabolites Associated with Impaired Kidney Function.” bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.04.531100. Cite Download

Piekos, Samantha N., Nathan D. Price, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer J. Hadlock. 2022. “The Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Maternal-Fetal Outcomes.” Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), S0890-6238(22)00153-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.10.003. Cite Download

Diener, Christian, Chengzhen L. Dai, Tomasz Wilmanski, Priyanka Baloni, Brett Smith, Noa Rappaport, Leroy Hood, Andrew T. Magis, and Sean M. Gibbons. 2022. “Genome-Microbiome Interplay Provides Insight into the Determinants of the Human Blood Metabolome.” Nature Metabolism 4 (11): 1560–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-022-00670-1. Cite Download

Baloni, Priyanka, Matthias Arnold, Luna Buitrago, Kwangsik Nho, Herman Moreno, Kevin Huynh, Barbara Brauner, et al. 2022. “Multi-Omic Analyses Characterize the Ceramide/Sphingomyelin Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Communications Biology 5 (1): 1074. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04011-6. Cite Download

Watanabe, Kengo, Tomasz Wilmanski, Christian Diener, Anat Zimmer, Briana Lincoln, Jennifer J. Hadlock, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, et al. 2022. “Multiomic Investigations of Body Mass Index Reveal Heterogeneous Trajectories in Response to a Lifestyle Intervention.” medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.20.22269601. Cite Download

Hood, Leroy. 2022. “P4 Medicine & What 21st Century Medicine Should Be.” SSF Neurosurgery Grand Rounds. https://digitalcommons.psjhealth.org/publications/5700. Cite

Baloni, Priyanka, Kwangsik Nho, Matthias Arnold, Gregory Louie, Alexandra Kueider-Paisley, Andrew J. Saykin, Kim Ekroos, et al. 2022. “Investigating the Importance of Acylcarnitines in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia 17 (S3): e056647. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.056647. Cite Download

Watanabe, Kengo, Tomasz Wilmanski, Priyanka Baloni, Max Robinson, Gonzalo G. Garcia, Michael R. Hoopmann, Mukul K. Midha, et al. 2022. “Systems-Level Patterns in Biological Processes Are Changed under Prolongevity Interventions and across Biological Age.” medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.11.22277435. Cite Download

Roach, Jared C., Junko Hara, Deborah Fridman, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Kathleen Jade, Laura Heim, Rachel Romansik, et al. 2022. “The Coaching for Cognition in Alzheimer’s (COCOA) Trial: Study Design.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia (New York, N. Y.) 8 (1): e12318. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12318. Cite Download

Roach, Jared C., Lance Edens, Daria R. Markewych, Molly K. Rapozo, Junko Hara, Gustavo Glusman, Cory Funk, et al. 2022. “A Multimodal Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease Results in Multifaceted Systemic Effects Reflected in Blood and Ameliorates Functional and Cognitive Outcomes.” medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.27.22280385. Cite Download

Wilmanski, Tomasz, Sergey A. Kornilov, Christian Diener, Matthew P. Conomos, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Paola Sebastiani, Eric S. Orwoll, et al. 2022. “Heterogeneity in Statin Responses Explained by Variation in the Human Gut Microbiome.” Med (New York, N.Y.) 3 (6): 388-405.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2022.04.007. Cite Download

Heath, Laura, John C. Earls, Andrew T. Magis, Sergey A. Kornilov, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Cory C. Funk, Noa Rappaport, et al. 2022. “Manifestations of Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Risk in the Blood Are Evident in a Multiomic Analysis in Healthy Adults Aged 18 to 90.” Scientific Reports 12 (1): 6117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09825-2. Cite Download

Omenn, Gilbert S., Andrew T. Magis, Nathan D. Price, and Leroy Hood. 2022. “Personal Dense Dynamic Data Clouds Connect Systems Biomedicine to Scientific Wellness.” Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2486:315–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2265-0_15. Cite

Roach, Jared C., John F. Hodes, Cory C. Funk, William R Shankle, David A. Merrill, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer Bramen. 2022. “Dense Data Enables 21th Century Clinical Trials.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions 8 (1): e12297. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12297. Cite Download

Piekos, Samantha N., Ryan T. Roper, Yeon Mi Hwang, Tanya Sorensen, Nathan D. Price, Leroy Hood, and Jennifer J. Hadlock. 2022. “The Effect of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Timing on Birth Outcomes: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study.” The Lancet. Digital Health 4 (2): e95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00250-8. Cite Download

Su, Yapeng, Dan Yuan, Daniel G. Chen, Rachel H. Ng, Kai Wang, Jongchan Choi, Sarah Li, et al. 2022. “Multiple Early Factors Anticipate Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae.” Cell 0 (0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014. Cite Download

Ross, Mary Kay, Cyrus Raji, Kristine L. Lokken, Dale E. Bredesen, Jared C. Roach, Cory C. Funk, Nathan Price, Noa Rappaport, Leroy Hood, and James R. Heath. 2021. “Case Study: A Precision Medicine Approach to Multifactorial Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease.” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Parkinsonism 11 (Suppl 5): 018. Cite

Sun, Bingyun, Cynthia Lorang, Shizhen Qin, Yijuan Zhang, Ken Liu, Gray Li, Zhi Sun, et al. 2021. “Mouse Organ-Specific Proteins and Functions.” Cells 10 (12): 3449. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123449. Cite Download

Lee, Jihoon W., Yapeng Su, Priyanka Baloni, Daniel Chen, Ana Jimena Pavlovitch-Bedzyk, Dan Yuan, Venkata R. Duvvuri, et al. 2021. “Integrated Analysis of Plasma and Single Immune Cells Uncovers Metabolic Changes in Individuals with COVID-19.” Nature Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01020-4. Cite Download

Zimmer, Anat, Yael Korem, Noa Rappaport, Tomasz Wilmanski, Priyanka Baloni, Kathleen Jade, Max Robinson, et al. 2021. “The Geometry of Clinical Labs and Wellness States from Deeply Phenotyped Humans.” Nature Communications 12 (1): 3578. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23849-8. Cite Download

McEwen, Sarah C., David A. Merrill, Jennifer Bramen, Verna Porter, Stella Panos, Scott Kaiser, John Hodes, et al. 2021. “A Systems-Biology Clinical Trial of a Personalized Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention for Early Alzheimer’s Disease.” Alzheimer’s & Dementia (New York, N. Y.) 7 (1): e12191. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12191. Cite Download

Su, Yapeng, Dan Yuan, Daniel G. Chen, Kai Wang, Jongchan Choi, Chengzhen L. Dai, Sunga Hong, et al. 2021. “Heterogeneous Immunological Recovery Trajectories Revealed in Post-Acute COVID-19.” MedRxiv, 2021.03.19.21254004. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.19.21254004. Cite Download

Siegel, Carole E., Eugene M. Laska, Ziqiang Lin, Mu Xu, Duna Abu-Amara, Michelle K. Jeffers, Meng Qian, et al. 2021. “Utilization of Machine Learning for Identifying Symptom Severity Military-Related PTSD Subtypes and Their Biological Correlates.” Translational Psychiatry 11 (1): 227. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01324-8. Cite Download

Wilmanski, Tomasz, Christian Diener, Noa Rappaport, Sushmita Patwardhan, Jack Wiedrick, Jodi Lapidus, John C. Earls, et al. 2021. “Gut Microbiome Pattern Reflects Healthy Ageing and Predicts Survival in Humans.” Nature Metabolism 3 (2): 274–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00348-0. Cite

Yang, Ruoting, Aarti Gautam, Derese Getnet, Bernie J. Daigle, Stacy Miller, Burook Misganaw, Kelsey R. Dean, et al. 2020. “Epigenetic Biotypes of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in War-Zone Exposed Veteran and Active Duty Males.” Molecular Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00966-2. Cite Download

Jabbari, Neda, Heidi L. Kenerson, Christopher Lausted, Xiaowei Yan, Changting Meng, Kevin M. Sullivan, Priyanka Baloni, et al. 2020. “Modulation of Immune Checkpoints by Chemotherapy in Human Colorectal Liver Metastases.” Cell Reports. Medicine 1 (9): 100160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100160. Cite Download

Leroy Hood, MD, PhD

Science Transforming Health

Leroy Hood, MD, PhD

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